Alpha Lipoic Acid is central to recycling other antioxidants like Vitamin E, VItamin C, and glutathione. By "sparing" their destruction, Alpha Lipoate extends their antioxidant power. Being both water and fat soluble, lipoic acid is the "universal" antioxidant that can easily function in both cellular membranes and fluid media within and outside the cell. Lipoic Acid is an important coenzyme for energy metabolism. Alpha Lipoic Acid is readily available to cells and is quickly converted to its reduced dihydrolipoic acid form.